Although the size and volume of teratomas derived from Vps26a-/- ESCs were significantly larger than those of WT, WT and Vps26a-/- teratomas were observed in all representative derivatives of the three germ layers, including the neural rosette (ectoderm), cartilage (mesoderm), and respiratory epithelium (endoderm) (Supplementary Fig. 5a–5c). Here, VPS26A is linked to teratoma.