DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: In-depth investigation of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) undertaken by Umezawa’ s team [68, 69] not only successfully transdifferentiated MenSCs into myoblasts/myocyts in vitro, but also restored sarcolemmal expression of dystrophin in dystrophied muscle of DMD mice by implantation of primarily cultured MenSCs in vivo.