Current consensus statements from the American Diabetes Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Endocrine Society, and Brazilian Diabetes Association have recommended therapy of critically ill patients with persistent hyperglycemia, starting at a blood glucose level of 180 mg/dL; once insulin is started, the therapeutic glucose target should be within the 140180 mg/dL range (1-6). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.