JUNB and viral infectious disease: Since the ubiquitin ligase Itch is required for Tfh cell differentiation during acute viral infection, which indeed acts through ubiquitination-mediated degradation of FoxO1 [37], and there is evidence that Itch activity augmented by a mono-neddylation process could facilitate proteosomal degradation of its targets, such as the transcription factor JunB [39].