UBA3 and infection: After challenging with 3×104 parasitized erythrocytes of P. yoelii 17XNL, Uba3fl/fl mice developed a peak parasitemia of approximately 30% at day 16 post infection (p.i.), most (75%) of them were able to eliminate the parasites and fully recover from the infection within 28 days, whereas Uba3ΔT mice suffered from unremitting hyperparasitemia and all succumbed to the infection by day 31 (p<0.01 for survival comparison) (Fig 2C and 2D), suggesting that Uba3 deficiency in T cells significantly increased the susceptibility of mice to P. yoelii 17XNL infection.