ACE and congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation: It has been shown that ARBs could not prevent the progression of CAVD in elderly, high-risk hypertensive patients (212), however, other patients on ARBs had reduced aortic valve tissue remodeling (213) and, furthermore, treatment with ACE inhibitors and ARBs led to improved survival and a reduced risk of cardiovascular events in aortic stenosis patients (214), and might also abrogate CAVD pathogenesis in a hypertensive setting (215).