We have previously shown that local IL-2/anti-CD40 immunotherapy can enhance anti-tumor T cell activity and intra-tumoral inflammation leading to resolution of mesothelioma tumors in young (aged 2–3 months) female C57BL/6J mice (Jackaman et al., 2008, 2016; Jackaman and Nelson, 2012). Here, CD40 is linked to neoplasm.