MTOR and autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: For example, RAS-MAPK signaling pathway deregulation in T lymphocytes was found to result in a previously unknown primary immunodeficiency disease (33), mTOR pathway played a crucial part in regulating lymphoproliferation and aberrant differentiation in autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) (34), and the pivotal role of Wnt signaling pathway in T cell development, activation, and differentiation has recently been discovered (35).