Also, treatment with SMAC mimetics (Tian et al., 2014; Liese et al., 2015), silencing IAPs with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), or exogenously increasing SMAC expression, have been shown to facilitate apoptosis of HCC cells in response to chemotherapy or cytokine treatment (Okano et al., 2003; Yamaguchi et al., 2005; Chen et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2010; Li et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene DIABLO and hepatocellular carcinoma.