TXNIP and Insulin resistance: We found that TXNIP knockdown markedly increased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 (Figures 2B,C), GLUT4 translocation on plasma membrane (Figure 2D), and 2-DG uptake (Figure 2E), which is consistent with the previous study showing that TXNIP plays critical role in PA-induced insulin resistance (Mandala et al., 2016).