TNF and macrophage activation syndrome: In patients with MAS, free IL-18 significantly correlated with clinical status and biologic markers of MAS, such as anemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperferritinemia, but also with markers of Th1 lymphocyte or macrophage activation, such as IFNγ and soluble receptors for IL-2 and TNFα (Mazodier et al., 2005).