Our findings that tracheal aspirate CCL2 levels positively correlated with Gal-1 levels and CCL2 and Gal-1 levels were significantly higher in tracheal aspirates from female infants developing BPD compared to female infants who were not developing BPD and male infants developing BPD may reflect the higher incidence of chorioamnionitis among female infants developing BPD in our cohort. This evidence concerns the gene LGALS1 and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.