Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that some important pathways involved in neural signalling and cancer were altered, including the pathways for neurotrophic signalling, axon guidance, MAPK signalling, cell cycling, apoptosis, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling, Wnt signalling and gastric acid secretion (Figs. 3b and 4). This evidence concerns the gene MTOR and cancer.