Interestingly, proteomic comparisons of amniotic fluid samples from women with premature preterm rupture of membranes demonstrated increases in histones (H3, H4, and H2B), myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and MMP-9 in women with histologic chorioamnionitis and proven intrauterine infection, which likely represents the influx of inflammatory cells into these tissues and potentially the release of extracellular traps (81). This evidence concerns the gene ELANE and chorioamnionitis.