Neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of AD, and several inflammatory cytokines, in particular TNF and IL-1β, are known to be up-regulated in both the periphery and the brain of AD patients (Akiyama et al, 2000; Sastre et al, 2006; Wang et al, 2015; Lai et al, 2017). Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.