Utilizing Module 1, we easily identified the EMT subtypes from the ACRG gastric cancer study and the CMS4 subtype in the CRC study by the CRC Subtyping Consortium.41 Furthermore, we showed that Module 1 expression is associated with localization of CD8+ CTL not only in an exploratory cohort, but also in a validation cohort (Fig. 4a, b). Here, CD8A is linked to colorectal carcinoma.