Additionally, we found two variants—CDH1 Pro373Leu and RAF1 Pro332Ala—individually associated with hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC)36 and childhood-onset dilated cardiomyopathy37 in two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and testicular germ cell tumour respectively. Here, RAF1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.