Otherwise, we still found significant inverse associations between SHBG and NAFLD regardless of BMI (p for interaction = 0.150; for subjects with BMI < 24 kg/m2, adjusted OR in Model 3, 0.31, 95% CI, 0.21–0.45, p <  0.001; for subjects with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, adjusted OR in Model 3, 0.31, 95% CI, 0.19–0.51, p <  0.001) and HOMA-IR status (p for interaction = 0.021; for subjects with HOMA-IR < 2, adjusted OR in Model 3, 0.34, 95% CI, 0.24–0.49, p <  0.001; for subjects with HOMA-IR ≥ 2, adjusted OR in Model 3, 0.22, 95% CI, 0.13–0.36, p <  0.001) (Table 3). Here, SHBG is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.