A less esoteric setting of NLRP3 hyperactivity is colitis occurring in the presence of IL-10 deficiency which is due to the fact that IL-10 has the unique ability among commonly produced cytokines to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome and thus to cause hyperactivity of this inflammasome in its absence (33) (see Figure 1). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is colitis.