Since Fut2 is one of IL-22-pSTAT3 regulated host defense genes (38), the lack of FUT2 expression and diminished UEA-1/WGA signals in ATF3−/− IECs indicates that ATF3 is involved in epithelial IL-22-pSTAT3 fucosylation pathway which controls microbiota composition, host-commensal homeostasis and host defense against bacterial infection. The gene discussed is ATF3; the disease is bacterial infectious disease.