Sirtuin 1, a NAD-dependent class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) and the most interesting of the mammalian sirtuin family (SIRT1-7), affects physiological responses to aging-associated pathologies, including diabetes, liver steatosis, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and various types of cancer (Lavu et al., 2009; Herranz and Serrano, 2010). Here, SIRT1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.