Studies have reported that Exendin-4, an agonist of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, attenuates PA-induced ER stress via SIRT1 in HepG2 cells (Lee et al., 2014), and SIRT1 attenuates hepatic steatosis, ameliorates insulin resistance and restores glucose homeostasis through the inhibition of mTORC1 and ER stress in human type 2 diabetes (Li et al., 2011). This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.