These data suggest three possibilities in respect of the mechanism underlying the hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance observed in MIrs2KO mice: increased inflammatory cytokine release from the adipose tissue, decreased M2a-subtype MΦ activation caused by Irs2 deficiency in the Kupffer cells, and/or newly recruited M1-type MΦs in the liver. The gene discussed is IRS2; the disease is Insulin resistance.