In summary, better understanding the predictive and prognostic significance of PD1/PD-L1 expression and the identification of molecularly defined subtypes correlated with survival and response to therapy, represent quick steps toward implementing precision medicine in RCC via reducing the distance to the goal of identifying the best approach for a single RCC patient (28, 29, 40) (Table 3). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is renal cell carcinoma.