Two other pilot studies utilizing black raspberries to target colon cancer and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), respectively report reductions in proliferation levels measured by Ki-67 staining when LBR administration occurred 3 times daily (60 g total) or as a rectal suppository to FAP patients, allowing for relative direct delivery [48, 49]. This evidence concerns the gene MKI67 and colonic neoplasm.