Moreover, a meta-analysis of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies for treatment of advanced or refractory cancers concluded that tumor PD-L1 expression and patient smoking status might serve as biomarkers to predict response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody treatment, especially for patients with melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [20]. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.