In human PBC, the presence of IL-5 is associated with eosinophilic cytotoxicity in portal areas (66), and its secretion was significantly enhanced upon in vitro T-cell receptor stimulation of CD8+CD57+ T cells; the frequency of the CD45ROhigh subpopulation of these cells was increased in early-stage PBC (67). Here, B3GAT1 is linked to primary biliary cholangitis.