IGF1 and Parkinson disease: Methods: The association between quartiles of serum IGF-1 levels and CSF biomarkers (α-synuclein, dopamine, amyloid-β1−42, total tau, and phosphorylated tau) was investigated using adjusted regression models in 404 drug-naïve early PD patients with only mild motor manifestations and 188 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) enrolled in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI).