An ideal therapy would target TGF-β with precision, allowing hepatocytes to escape the mito-inhibitory effects of TGF-β, while not abrogating the positive effects of TGF-β on extracellular matrix production and vascular remodeling during the regenerative process.8, 9 Furthermore, pan–TGF-β blockade may result in a number of unwanted, off-target effects, such as induction of autoimmunity and hepatocarcinogenesis.10, 11, 12 Therefore, a more nuanced, selective approach that targets the TGF-β pathway to promote liver regeneration is required. Here, TGFB1 is linked to Autoimmunity.