CCL4 and ovarian carcinoma: Another interactive loop facilitating peritoneal adhesion is initiated by alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs) occurring in the peritoneal microenvironment of EOC, which involved stimulation of expression of a calcium-dependent receptor, P-selectin, on mesothelial cells by a C–C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4 or MIP-1β) secreted by the AAMs; EOC cells expressing CD24 interacted with P-selectin-expressing mesothelial cells, as demonstrated by ex vivo and in vivo studies of a syngeneic ovarian cancer model [73].