During a mean follow-up period of 301 days, Bo et al. found that in patients with AF, frailty was associated with an increased risk of mortality compared with non-frail patients (adjusted OR 2.77 [95% CI 1.44–5.33], adjusted for OAC, ADL dependence, serum albumin and readmission) [41]. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and atrial fibrillation.