NUMB and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Specifically, NUMB has been described as an oncosuppressor in breast cancer (29), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (27) and mesothelioma (40), but evidence showed also a role for NUMB as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma (41), in astrocytomas (42) in cervical squamous carcinoma cells (43), and in endometrial cancer (44).