Exercise increased the expression of the Nestin+/ChAT+ phenotype [F(1,121) = 36.086, p = 0.0001], and this was evident in both PF [F(1,61) = 19.93, p = 0.001] and PTD-treated rats [F(1,60) = 16.65, p = 0.001]. The gene discussed is CHAT; the disease is Bjornstad syndrome.