TNF and Bloom syndrome: In the present study, we observed enhanced expression levels of these pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1, and IL-17A from lungs of BLM mice on day 14 after BLM exposure, while daily administration of PM014 effectively prevented BLM-induced secretion of cytokines when it was injected on day 2 after BLM treatment (Fig. 3d–h).