Through release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, and of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), they contribute to the pathology of various brain diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, or multiple sclerosis [9,10]. Here, TNF is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.