Consistent with the iTRAQ data, immunoblot analysis of hamster liver proteins confirmed a significant increase in the expression of all 5 proteins in the CCA group when compared to normal controls and 4 of the proteins (S100A6, lumican, 14-3-3 zeta/delta and vimentin) were significantly downregulated in the CCA+Cur group (Fig 4). This evidence concerns the gene S100A6 and cholangiocarcinoma.