NFKB1 and acute kidney injury: Depending on the results of the current study, GAL post-treatment improved kidney function through acting on the α7 nAChR that modulates the inflammatory pathways; viz., IL-6/ JAK2/ STAT3/ SOCS3 and NF-κB (p65)/ HMGB-1/ IL-18 that collaborate to induce AKI.