In keeping with deposition of PAD4 through vesicle release, EVs isolated from cancer cell conditioned media (Fig. 3f) contained PAD4 as well as many characteristic EV markers including caveolin-1 and β-catenin and lacked markers of ER and of Golgi apparatus (Fig. 3g, Supplementary Fig. 8A). This evidence concerns the gene CAV1 and cancer.