We investigated whether sexual dimorphism in MS is associated with sex-specific differences in the markers of ME [serum LPS, LPS-binding protein (LBP), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and intestinal permeability] and LGCI [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and IL-10], and whether estrogen plays a key role in this context. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and myeloid sarcoma.