INS and Insulin resistance: The protective role of OCN in mice is possibly mediated by an induction of adiponectin expression and improvements in insulin sensitivity, which was supported by evidence that osteocalcin improved insulin sensitivity through its division of adipocytes to increase adiponectin production, therefore, presence of osteocalcin highly favors activity of adiponectin [28]; in addition, osteocalcin improved insulin resistance by decreasing inflammation, and increasing insulin signaling and the expression of Slc2a4/GLUT4 in white adipose tissue [29].