A preclinical study proved that cardiac ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) ameliorated left ventricular hypertrophy in leptin-deficient ob/ob and leptin-resistant db/db mice via the STAT3 and ERK1/2 signalling pathway by activation of CNTF receptor that is structurally similar to the leptin receptor [59]. Here, LEP is linked to left ventricular hypertrophy.