Several studies have demonstrated that the presence of diabetes attenuated phosphorylation and/or activation of STAT3 in hearts undergoing ischaemia/reperfusion with ischaemic [31], pharmacological [29,33,93,94], or remote [29] conditioning when compared to nondiabetic controls subjected to ischaemia/reperfusion with corresponding conditioning (Table 8). This evidence concerns the gene STAT3 and diabetes mellitus.