COX-2 and PPARγ expression assays showed differential expression in almost every tissue type as well as in normal vs. neoplastic tissue: i.e., a continuous increase in COX2 expression from prostatic hyperplasia to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), to organ-confined prostate cancer, to castration-resistant prostate cancer, and to metastatic disease. Here, PPARG is linked to prostate intraepithelial neoplasia.