The beneficial effects of the dual PPARα/γ agonist, pioglitazone, namely the reduction of mortality, including non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high risk concerning macro-vascular events, shed light on the multi-level concerted activity profile of PPARα and PPARγ in diabetes [3]. The gene discussed is PPARA; the disease is Stroke.