With regard to inflammatory pathways involved in obesity, UR down-regulated the hepatic transcription of several pro-inflammatory chemokines/cytokines (Ccl4, Ccr5, Cxcl1, Cxcl10, Cxcl16, Il5ra, Tnfaip2, Infrsf12a, Tnfrsf17, Adam11, Adam23, Adamts2, Casp1, Casp3, Csf2ra, and Saa1), while up-regulating the expression of Ccrn4l, Il1rap, and Il10rb genes. The gene discussed is IL1RAP; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.