PKN3 and cancer: Previous studies showed positive correlation between PKN3 or p130Cas (BCAR1) protein levels and cancer progression in patients with breast or prostate cancer (Dorssers et al., 2004; Fromont and Cussenot, 2011; Leenders et al., 2004; Nikonova et al., 2014; Oishi et al., 1999; Schultheis et al., 2014; Strumberg et al., 2012).