Additionally,some prospective studies demonstrated that the use of β-blockers areassociated with reduce risk of mortality in hemodialysis patients.114,119 More recent, another therapeutic agent,sacubitril-valsartan, was approved for use in patients with HF and thisdual-acting agent enhances the functions of natriuretic peptides and inhibitsthe renin-angiotensin system,120 withpotential benefit for CKD patients. This evidence concerns the gene REN and chronic kidney disease.