We have recently demonstrated marked ethnic differences in genetic predisposition to CP between Han Chinese and European populations in the context of three pancreatitis susceptibility loci, namely the absence of the CEL-HYB risk allele38 in the Chinese population39, the lack of significant enrichment of rare pathogenic CPA1 variants40 in Chinese ICP patients36, and the lack of any contribution of the CTRB1-CTRB2 risk allele41 to CP risk variation in the Chinese population due to allele near-fixation42. This evidence concerns the gene CPA1 and pancreatitis.