Additionally, the expression level of ALDH1A3, a CSC marker among various types of cancer cells49, and IL6 known as a downstream functional target to induce sphere formation in many types of cancer cells50–53, were 22.9 and 3.09 folds higher in MUC15-OV cells than in Nthy-ori-3.1 cells (Fig. 2h). This evidence concerns the gene MUC15 and cancer.