Activities including iron ion binding, tryptophanase activity, glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), starch synthase activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were over-represented at tumour sites and tumour-adjacent samples when compared to the healthy tumour-free controls (Supplementary Figs. 3 and 5, Supplementary Table 3). Here, SOD1 is linked to neoplasm.