LAT2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: Furthermore, we assessed the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in LAT2 KD/OE pancreatic cancer cells exposed to GEM and obtained a similar result, which demonstrated that LAT2 could increase ECAR to enhance chemoresistance and that GEM might inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by decreasing ECAR (Fig. 2e, f, g and h).