LAT2 and familial pancreatic carcinoma: As shown in Fig. 2a, b, c, and d, LAT2 knockdown (KD) increased the rate of GEM inhibition in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells; in contrast, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells with LAT2 overexpression (OE) were less sensitive to GEM than the control cells, which indicated that LAT2 might significantly enhance resistance to GEM in pancreatic cancer cells.