However, the MAF of SCN5A(R1193Q) did not differ between arrhythmic patients, most of whom had structural heart diseases, and healthy controls in Japan (0.063 for both), between the sudden unexpected nocturnal death syndrome cases and the control group in southern China (0.0608 and 0.0476, respectively), and between complete atrioventricular conduction block patients and healthy controls in Korea (0.071 and 0.082, respectively) [8–10]. This evidence concerns the gene SCN5A and Brugada syndrome.