APOL1 and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: Kidney diseases most strongly associated with APOL1 variants include HIV-associated nephropathy (reported odds ratio: 29–897,9), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; reported odds ratio: 177), and arterionephrosclerosis (hypertension-attributed kidney disease; reported odds ratio: 7) for progression to end-stage kidney disease10.