TNF and Sepsis: More recently, using Zip14 knockout (KO) mice, it was shown that ablation of Zip14 delayed leukocytosis, prevented zinc accumulation in the liver, altered the kinetics of hypozincemia, and drastically increased serum IL-6, TNFα, and IL-10 concentrations following nonlethal sepsis further establishing that ZIP14 is vital to host defense in the setting of polymicrobial sepsis [70].